| SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENTAL NORMS |
| FRIENDSHIP BUILDERS |
| 12-18 | Spontaneously uses 40-80 words |
| Starts to use recognizable words "wawa" "babba" "dada" |
| Use sounds from the following sound families: /p, b, t, d, k, g, m, n, y, w/ |
| Indicates wants and needs by pointing/gesturing and engages in pretend play |
| Produces subjective and objective pronouns (I, it) |
| Follows a 2-step direction without gestures "go get" |
| Answers yes/no questions, possibly with a head nod or shake |
| Refers to self by name, engages in parallel play, and exhibits verbal turn taking |
| Points to distant objects outside |
| Says social words like "hi, bye-bye, thank you, please." |
| Requests items by name "more milk" and protests by vocalizing "no!" |
| Asks and Answers "what's that" and "where" with rising intonation |
| Says "all gone" and asks for more |
| Points to 12 objects when named |
| Repeats actions that made someone laugh and imitates adult behaviors in play |
| Talks to self during play |
| 18-24 | Speaks 40-80 words |
| Use sounds from the following sound families: /p, b, t, d, k, g, m, n, y, w/ |
| Produces personal pronouns (my, me, mine, you, your) |
| Points to familiar objects in a picture |
| Imitates gestures involving objects (rolls car) |
| Follows three directions "go upstairs, get your shoes and coat" |
| Names three pictures |
| Puts two words together "go car" |
| Verbally requests snacks and/or drinks "I want cookie" |
| Imitates animal or environmental sounds |
| Uses intelligible speech 50% of the time |
| Imitates a 4 word phrase |
| Asks what, where, who questions with rising intonation |
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| 2-3 years | Expressive vocabulary of 200-300 words and combines 2 words together |
| Has approximately 75% intelligibility |
| Produces the pronouns: "your, she, he, yours, we" |
| Clearly produces /p, b, m, t, d, k, g, n, w, h, w/ in words |
| Rapid sound expansion. Say "cat" (not tat) "dog" (not gog) |
| Airflow sounds emerge: /s, z, sh, f, v, h/ |
| Asks and answers who, what, and where questions |
| Uses early pronouns I, you, me, his, hers in speech |
| Vocalizes for all needs "I want more" |
| Says yes and no in speech |
| Understands in, out, on, under, one, many, together, away |
| Understands number concepts of one and two and size differences such as big/little. |
| Begins to understand time concepts of soon, later, wait |
| Demonstrates the use of an object's function |
| Points to and names 5 pictures when asked |
| Follows three step directions "go upstairs, get your shoes and coat" |
| Understands verbs and most adjectives color and size |
| Combines nouns and verbs "boy is running" |
| recites a few nursery rhymes and holds up fingers to tell age |
| Controls volume of voice and briefly joins in play |
| 3-4 years | Expressive vocabulary of 300-1000 words and combines 3 words together with 80% clarity |
| Separates from primary caregivers easily. |
| Understands quantity more, less, empty, a lot, big, tall |
| Understands directions same, both |
| Understands up, down, in, on next to, besides, between, behind, in front |
| Identifies all colors and 5 shapes |
| Points to an object that is different from the others |
| Follows two-step commands without cues. |
| Asks and answers why, how and where questions |
| Responds to "What do you see, hear, smell?" Expresses ideas and feelings. |
| Talks about recent experiences. Takes turns and plays cooperatively. |
| Clearly produces /p, b, m, t, d, k, g, n, w, h, w, f,ing/ in sentences |
| Adult like speech. Clusters are stabilized (spt, spr, str). Words should not be simplified. |
| 4-5 years | Has a 2500 expressive word vocabulary. |
| Final sounds acquisitions: /v, s, z, sh, ch, l, r, j/ |
| Has approximately 90% intelligibility |
| Follows three-step directions without cues. |
| Uses 4-5 word sentences.. Uses imaginary conditions, such as "What if…" or "I hope." |
| Uses words to invite others to play. |
| Understands comparatives big, bigger, biggest and opposites |
| Understands time concepts first, then, days of the week |
| Asks and answers why and how questions |
| Asks "Do you want to..?" "Are we going to…?" "Can you…?" |
| Understands and expresses figurative language (idioms, jokes, humor) |
| Uses could, would, might, maybe, should in speech |
| Tells what common objects are made of and their functions |
| 5-6 years | Understands opposites including left/right |
| Understands numbers up to 20 |
| Answers how and when questions |
| Uses adjectives for describing |
| Uses yesterday and tomorrow |
| Uses prepositions through, nearest, corner, middle |
| Names ordinal numbers such as first, second, third |
| Uses irregular plurals (feet, mice) and irregular past tense (ran, slept) |
| Describes common objects and events |
| Tells the weather |
| Uses complete, coherent sentences |
| Speaks audibly, sharing ideas and information |
| Stabilization of all sounds including /v, s, z, sh, ch, l, r, j, th/ |
| Understands categories |
| Has approximately 100% intelligibility |
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